Timeline

Arianism condemned; the Creed given.

The Spirit's divinity confessed; the Creed completed.

Nestorius deposed; Theotokos upheld.

Violence vindicates Eutyches; St Flavian dies of its blows.

One Christ in two natures; Dioscorus deposed.

Refuses the Monophysite usurper of Jerusalem until the lawful patriarch returns.

An imperial compromise formula breeds the Acacian schism with Rome (484 to 519).

The Three Chapters condemned; communion with deposed heretics said to defile the Mysteries.

Imperial documents impose the one will doctrine.

St Martin of Rome condemns Monothelitism; is seized and dies in exile (655).

Out of communion with the erring sees; vindicated posthumously.

Two wills confessed; the Monothelite patriarchs and Honorius condemned.

Two persecutions; the confessors cease communion with the iconoclast hierarchy.

The icons restored.

St Methodius and St Theodora restore the icons finally.

Canon 15 defines lawful walling off.

No addition to the Creed; held by many as the Eighth Ecumenical.

Cardinal Humbert and Patriarch Michael exchange anathemas, the symbol of the schism.

An imposed union with Rome; resisted on Athos under Patriarch Bekkos, the Hagiorite confessors suffer (the Zographou martyrs, per Athonite tradition).

The uncreated energies confessed; Barlaam and Akindynos condemned; St Gregory Palamas imprisoned by Patriarch Kalekas and vindicated.

Signed under duress; St Mark of Ephesus alone refuses.

A council at Constantinople formally annuls the union.

Constantinople, Alexandria and Jerusalem decree the reception of Western converts by baptism, the era's strictest ruling.

Sts Makarios, Nikodemos and Athanasius Parios persecuted for defending the received tradition; ultimately vindicated.

“The protector of religion is the very body of the Church, even the people themselves.”

“Unto the Churches of Christ everywhere” proposes a league of churches, the charter text of Orthodox ecumenism.

Constantinople and Greece adopt the new calendar; the Old Calendar separations begin.

Amsterdam assembly; the same year a Moscow conference is sharply critical of the movement.

At New Delhi most Orthodox Churches join the Council.

Athenagoras meets Paul VI; the anathemas of 1054 are “lifted”, the act's meaning is disputed to this day.

Most of the Holy Mountain ceases commemorating Patriarch Athenagoras, the modern precedent of walling off without schism.

The Synod of the Russian Church Abroad anathematizes ecumenism as it defines it, a synodal act variously received.

The joint statement's “sister churches” language becomes a flashpoint.

The Holy and Great Council meets; four Churches abstain; its documents are contested.

Clergy and monastics cease commemoration of hierarchs they regard as ecumenist, invoking Canon 15; the official Churches reject the step. The dispute this library documents.