Skip to content
ApoteichisisOrthodox sources & church history

Florilegium

The witness of Scripture & the Fathers

Exact quotations, arranged by theme: what the Church has always been told about tradition, false teachers, fellowship, defilement, the bishop, and the one limit of obedience. Scripture is quoted from the King James Version; the Fathers from the public domain Ante-Nicene and Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers translations, cited by work and chapter.

Theme 1

Hold fast what was delivered

Before any question of separation arises, Scripture and the Fathers bind the Church to the faith once delivered. The rule of continuity comes first; everything below presupposes it.

Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle.
2 Thessalonians 2:15 (KJV)
But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed.
Galatians 1:8 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
Moreover, in the Catholic Church itself, all possible care must be taken, that we hold that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, by all.
St Vincent of Lérins, Commonitorium II.6, NPNF 2nd series, vol. 11
Church FatherStrongly supported
The doctrines of the Fathers are despised; apostolic traditions are set at nought; the devices of innovators are in vogue in the Churches.
St Basil the Great, Letter 90, To the holy brethren the bishops of the West, §2, NPNF 2nd series, vol. 8

Theme 2

Wolves will come: mark and avoid

The Lord and His Apostles did not merely predict false teachers; they commanded a posture toward them, vigilance, marking, avoidance, rejection. The apostolic men repeated the command with startling severity.

Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
Matthew 7:15 (KJV)
For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock. Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them.
Acts 20:29 to 30 (KJV), St Paul to the presbyters of Ephesus
Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them.
Romans 16:17 (KJV)
A man that is an heretick after the first and second admonition reject.
Titus 3:10 (KJV)
If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness… from such withdraw thyself.
1 Timothy 6:3, 5 (KJV)
And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers.
John 10:5 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
For whosoever does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh, is antichrist; and whosoever does not confess the testimony of the cross, is of the devil; and whosoever perverts the oracles of the Lord to his own lusts… is the first-born of Satan.
St Polycarp of Smyrna, Epistle to the Philippians 7, ANF vol. 1
Church FatherStrongly supported
John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bathhouse without bathing, exclaiming, “Let us fly, lest even the bathhouse fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within.” And Polycarp himself replied to Marcion, who met him on one occasion, and said, “Dost thou know me?”, “I do know thee, the first-born of Satan.”
St Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies III.3.4, ANF vol. 1

Theme 3

No fellowship with darkness

The principle beneath the canons on communion: fellowship transmits. To bid the false teacher God speed is to become a partaker of his deeds; to share another's sin is possible even without sharing his opinion.

Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? … Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing.
2 Corinthians 6:14, 17 (KJV)
If there come any unto you, and bring not this doctrine, receive him not into your house, neither bid him God speed: for he that biddeth him God speed is partaker of his evil deeds.
2 John 10 to 11 (KJV)
Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men's sins: keep thyself pure.
1 Timothy 5:22 (KJV)
Church FatherDocumented
It is fitting, therefore, that you should keep aloof from such persons, and not to speak of them either in private or in public… But avoid all divisions, as the beginning of evils.
St Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Smyrnaeans 7, ANF vol. 1 (Roberts and Donaldson)
Church FatherStrongly supported
I therefore, yet not I, but the love of Jesus Christ, entreat you that ye use Christian nourishment only, and abstain from herbage of a different kind; I mean heresy.
St Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Trallians 6, ANF vol. 1
Church FatherStrongly supported
…οὐχ ὁ τόπος γὰρ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἁγιάζει, ἀλλ’ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τὸν τόπον… ὡς γὰρ οἱ ὅσιοι ἱερεῖς ἁγιάζουσιν, οὕτως οἱ ἐναγεῖς μιαίνουσιν.
…for it is not the place that sanctifies the man, but the man the place… for as the holy priests sanctify, so the accursed defile.
Apostolic Constitutions, Book VIII, PG 1, 1136 to 1137

Theme 4

Judgment in the Mysteries

The heart of the doctrine of defilement: the Mysteries remain real, and precisely because they are real they can be received unto judgment. Defilement is not the emptying of the sacrament but the condemnation of the unworthy communicant.

Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord… For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
1 Corinthians 11:27, 29 (KJV)
Her priests have violated my law, and have profaned mine holy things: they have put no difference between the holy and profane, neither have they shewed difference between the unclean and the clean.
Ezekiel 22:26 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
…πλὴν ὅτι μολυσμὸν ἔχει ἡ κοινωνία ἐκ μόνου τοῦ ἀναφέρειν, κἂν ὀρθόδοξος εἴη ὁ ἀναφέρων.
…except that communion has defilement from the mere commemorating [of the heresiarch], even if the one commemorating is Orthodox.
St Theodore the Studite, Letter 220, PG 99, 1669B
Church FatherStrongly supported
…ἓν ἐγκαλέσαντες μόνον, τὸ μὴ τῇ ἀσεβείᾳ συνθέσθαι μηδὲ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ χρανθῆναι, ἣν ὡς ἰὸν ὄφεως φεύγομεν, οὐ σῶμα βλάπτουσαν, τὰ δὲ βάθη μελαίνουσαν τῆς ψυχῆς.
…charging one thing only: that they would not consent to the impiety nor be defiled by the communion, which we flee like a serpent's venom, a thing that does not harm the body but blackens the depths of the soul.
St Gregory the Theologian (as gathered in the catalogued sources)

Theme 5

The bishop, and the limit of obedience

The same tradition that binds the faithful to the bishop states the one limit of that bond. Nothing without the bishop, and yet, where the faith itself is at stake, flee even an angel from heaven. Both halves are the Church's voice; neither may silence the other.

Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account.
Hebrews 13:17 (KJV)
Church FatherDocumented
See that you all follow the bishop, even as Jesus Christ does the Father… Let no man do anything connected with the Church without the bishop… Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.
St Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Smyrnaeans 8, ANF vol. 1 (Roberts and Donaldson)
Church FatherStrongly supported
He can no longer have God for his Father, who has not the Church for his mother.
St Cyprian of Carthage, On the Unity of the Church 6, ANF vol. 5
Church FatherStrongly supported
Πονηρός, πῶς λέγεις; εἰ μὲν πίστεως ἕνεκεν, φεῦγε αὐτὸν καὶ παραίτησαι, μὴ μόνον ἂν ἄνθρωπος ᾖ, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἄγγελος ἐξ’ οὐρανοῦ κατιών.
“Wicked”, in what sense do you mean? If indeed in regard to faith, flee him and avoid him; not only if he be a man, but even if he be an angel come down from heaven.
St John Chrysostom, Homily 34 on Hebrews (on 13:17), PG 63, 231; NPNF 1st series, vol. 14
Church FatherStrongly supported
…μόνον μὴ μιάνητε ἑαυτοὺς μετὰ τῶν Ἀρειανῶν.
…Only do not defile yourselves with the Arians. For this teaching is not of the Apostles, but of the demons and of their father the devil.
St Athanasius the Great, Life of St Anthony, the elder's charge to his disciples

Theme 6

Separation that is not schism

Where the limit is reached, the canons themselves define a withdrawal that heals rather than tears. The canon's own verdict on those who wall off from a publicly preached, already condemned heresy: not schismatics, but worthy of honour.

Sacred CanonStrongly supported
…οὐ μόνον τῇ κανονικῇ ἐπιτιμήσει οὐχ ὑπόκεινται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς πρεπούσης τιμῆς τοῖς ὀρθοδόξοις ἀξιωθήσονται.
…such persons are not only not subject to canonical penalty, but are worthy of the honour due to the Orthodox; for they have condemned not bishops but pseudo bishops, and have not fragmented the Church's unity by schism, but have been eager to deliver her from schisms.
Canon 15, First and Second Council of Constantinople (861)
Church FatherStrongly supported
Ἦν δὲ καὶ ἑτέρως χρήσιμόν τε καὶ ἀναγκαῖον… τὸ τῶν θείων ἐλαύνεσθαι θυσιαστηρίων τὸν βεβηλοῦντα αὐτά.
It was also otherwise useful and necessary… to drive away from the divine altars the one who defiles them.
St Cyril of Alexandria, ACO 1-1-3, 81; cf. PG 69, 552
Church FatherStrongly supported
For where the Church is, there is the Spirit of God; and where the Spirit of God is, there is the Church, and every kind of grace.
St Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies III.24.1, ANF vol. 1

Theme 7

Guard the deposit: the whole people as keeper

The faith is a deposit entrusted to the whole Church. Scripture charges every believer to contend for it, and the Eastern Patriarchs in 1848 drew the conclusion: among the Orthodox, the guardian of religion is the very body of the Church.

Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.
Jude 3 (KJV)
That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us.
2 Timothy 1:14 (KJV)
Modern ClergyStrongly supported
Among us, neither Patriarchs nor Councils could ever introduce new teaching, for the protector of religion is the very body of the Church, even the people themselves.
Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs (1848), §17, the common English rendering

Theme 8

The Eucharist and the faith

The oldest witnesses fence the Chalice with the confession. One bread makes the many one body, and precisely for that reason no one approaches it who holds another faith. The Creed stands at the door of the offering.

The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread.
1 Corinthians 10:16 to 17 (KJV)
One Lord, one faith, one baptism.
Ephesians 4:5 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
Take heed, then, to have but one Eucharist. For there is one flesh of our Lord Jesus Christ, and one cup to show forth the unity of His blood; one altar; as there is one bishop, along with the presbytery and deacons.
St Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Philadelphians 4, ANF vol. 1
Church FatherStrongly supported
And this food is called among us the Eucharist, of which no one is allowed to partake but the man who believes that the things which we teach are true.
St Justin Martyr, First Apology 66, ANF vol. 1

Theme 9

Confession unto blood

The limit of obedience is not a debating point but a place the saints have died. When a man's command and God's collide, the Apostles answered once for all; the martyrs and confessors only repeated them, in prison, in exile, and under the knife.

Then Peter and the other apostles answered and said, We ought to obey God rather than men.
Acts 5:29 (KJV)
Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.
Revelation 2:10 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
Eighty and six years have I served Him, and He never did me any injury: how then can I blaspheme my King and my Saviour?
St Polycarp of Smyrna, at his martyrdom, The Martyrdom of Polycarp 9, ANF vol. 1
Church FatherStrongly supported
…μόνον μὴ μιάνητε ἑαυτοὺς μετὰ τῶν Ἀρειανῶν.
…Only do not defile yourselves with the Arians. For this teaching is not of the Apostles, but of the demons.
St Anthony the Great, recorded by St Athanasius, Life of St Anthony

Theme 10

Speaking the truth in love

The confession this library defends is not the enemy of charity but its costliest form. Scripture joins the two in a single breath, and the risen Lord, praising a church for testing false apostles, warns it in the same words never to lose its first love.

But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ.
Ephesians 4:15 (KJV)
Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth.
1 Corinthians 13:6 (KJV)
And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient, In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth.
2 Timothy 2:24 to 25 (KJV)
And how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are not, and hast found them liars. Nevertheless I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love.
Revelation 2:2 to 4 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
Let it be done with love for mankind, not with hatred of the men, but with a hatred of their vices.
St Augustine, Letter 211, NPNF 1st series, vol. 1

Theme 11

The promise to the Church

The confessor's confidence rests not on his own strength but on a promise. The gates of hell will not prevail; the Spirit of truth abides for ever; the Church is the pillar and ground of the truth. Because she cannot fail, resistance is faith and not despair.

And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Matthew 16:18 (KJV)
Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.
Matthew 28:20 (KJV)
Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth.
John 16:13 (KJV)
That thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.
1 Timothy 3:15 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
For where the Church is, there is the Spirit of God; and where the Spirit of God is, there is the Church, and every kind of grace: but the Spirit is truth.
St Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies III.24.1, ANF vol. 1

Theme 12

The narrow way and the Cross

The faith was never promised as the broad and easy road. Its gate is strait, its way is the Cross, and the world's hatred of it is a mark of the way. Yet the Lord has overcome the world, and the seed that is buried rises.

Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat: because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.
Matthew 7:13 to 14 (KJV)
If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.
Matthew 16:24 (KJV)
Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.
2 Timothy 3:12 (KJV)
These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.
John 16:33 (KJV)
Church FatherStrongly supported
The oftener we are mown down by you, the more in number we grow; the blood of Christians is seed.
Tertullian, Apology 50, ANF vol. 3

How these texts are handled

Every entry names its work and chapter; translations are identified (KJV; ANF/NPNF series, the same public domain translations hosted at newadvent.org/fathers). Entries marked Documented were checked against the source; Strongly supported follows the well attested wording of the cited series with a final page level check pending. Nothing here is invented, and the themes place each text in the Church's whole teaching, see the editorial standards and the Canon 15 research centre.