Skip to content
ApoteichisisOrthodox sources & church history
Local council under St Photios (widely received; held by some as the Eighth)Documented

First and Second Council of Constantinople

Πρωτοδευτέρα Σύνοδος

Date
861
Location
Constantinople

Held under St Photios; its Canon 15 defines the one case in which ceasing to commemorate a bishop is not schism but is “worthy of honour.”

Historical background

  • Meeting after the Iconoclast crisis, the council regulated monastic and disciplinary matters. A first session dispersed and a second continued it, hence “First and Second.”

Principal dispute

  • The conditions under which a cleric may cease commemorating his bishop.

Dogmatic result

  • Canons 13 to 14 forbid separation for personal or procedural cause before a synodical verdict; Canon 15 excepts the case of a bishop publicly preaching an already condemned heresy.

Key canons

  • Canon 15Open →

    The charter of apoteichisis, Greek text, translation and the disputed interpretations.

  • Canons 13 to 14

    Restrain separation from one's bishop for non doctrinal causes.

Later reception

  • Its canons were received into the canonical corpus; a number of later authorities (Balsamon, Symeon of Thessalonica, and others) treated the council as of ecumenical weight.

Disputed questions

  • Whether Canon 15's exception is permissive or obligatory.
  • What counts as an “already condemned” heresy that triggers it.

Bibliography

  • G. A. Rhalles & M. Potles, Σύνταγμα, vol. 2.
  • Pēdalion (Rudder), on the First and Second Council.